• Mammals have three known Gli proteins Gli and Gli

  2022-04-15

  

  Mammals have three known Gli proteins: Gli-1, -2 and -3. Gli-1 does not undergo proteosomal degradation and hence, remains untruncated and always acts as a transcription promoter. Gli-1 is an important target gene for Gli-2. Full-length Gli-2 accumulates when Smo is activated because activated Smo p

• The crystal structures of plant class ADH GSNOR

  2022-04-14

  

  The crystal structures of plant class ADH3/GSNOR from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGSNOR) and Solanum lycopersicum cv. Amateur (SlGSNOR) with bound substrates and cofactors revealed important differences between plant and human enzyme, namely within the substrate-binding pocket. GSNOR are unusually homod

• Introduction Nicotinic acid niacin NA has

  2022-04-14

  

  Introduction Nicotinic tyrosine kinase receptor (niacin, NA) has been used in the treatment of dislipidemia and cardiovascular disease for almost 60years (Offermanns, 2006). Large clinical studies showed that niacin alone or in combination with LDL-lowering drugs improved cardiovascular outcomes (

• Indeed in women with different

  2022-04-14

  

  Indeed, in women with different causes of epithelial layer damage, HIV infection rates have been reported to be very high [2], [3]. As observed from in vivo studies, disruption of the epithelium due to pathogens [45], [46] or chemical irritants [47], has resulted in women being at a higher risk of H

• A major hurdle in purifying a membrane

  2022-04-14

  

  A major hurdle in purifying a membrane protein is finding a detergent that can preserve the protein, after releasing it from a given membrane, in a stable and non-aggregated state during purification steps [18,50]. The ability of various detergents used to solubilize and purify membrane proteins has

• In this study for the first time

  2022-04-14

  

  In this study, for the first time: 1) the electrochemical glutamate oxidase-based biosensor was optimized for the determination of low micromolar glutamate concentrations; 2) the algorithm of the analysis of exocytotic and transporter–mediated glutamate release was developed; 3) the comparative ana

• br Acknowledgments br Free fatty acids FFAs are

  2022-04-14

  

  Acknowledgments Free fatty acids (FFAs) are not only essential nutritional components, but they also function as signaling molecules. Recently, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) de-orphanizing strategy successfully identified multiple receptors for FFAs, which function on the cell surface and

• The expression of GLUT receptors throughout the

  2022-04-14

  

  The expression of GLUT receptors throughout the body could be considered a potential source for off-target effects even for engineered glucose-conjugated nanomedicines, as there are at least 12 types of GLUT transporters in the body, including GLUT1 in erythrocytes and the blood-brain barrier, as we

• br Regulation of GCK by intrinsic

  2022-04-14

  

  Regulation of GCK by intrinsic conformational dynamics GCK is a 465-residue, 52-kDa enzyme comprised of two domains, hereafter referred to as the large domain and the small domain, that are separated by a flexible hinge region. As with other proteins that adopt the hexokinase fold, substrates bin

• Raltegravir br Acknowledgments br Introduction Postmenopausa

  2022-04-14

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Postmenopausal osteoporosis, which is primarily caused by Raltegravir deficiency, has been a worldwide health problem and threatens postmenopausal women of all races. An estimated 80% of osteoporosis patients in the United States are women, and approximately 30% o

• Sickle erythrocytes are known to have an increased

  2022-04-14

  

  Sickle erythrocytes are known to have an increased adhesion to endothelial thz1 (Hebbel et al., 1980, Hebbel et al., 1981a, Hebbel et al., 1981b, Wautier et al., 1985, Mohandas and Evans, 1987). Understanding the events associated with vaso-occlusion requires a detailed knowledge of the interaction

• In addition several other considerations were made for

  2022-04-13

  

  In addition, several other considerations were made for the optimization exercise. While the structural features of the endogenous ligands for long-chain fatty improve receptors suggest obtaining orthosteric agonists with drug-like properties may be challenging, the optimization efforts were committ

• Nowadays it is accepted that ligands which

  2022-04-13

  

  Nowadays, it is accepted that ligands which have been classically described as inverse agonists, due to their negative efficacy at modulating the G protein pathway, could also display some positive efficacy regarding receptor desensitization, internalization, or even signaling though another pathway

• We demonstrated that bilirubin the product of heme

  2022-04-13

  

  We demonstrated that bilirubin, the product of heme metabolism by HO-1, exerted a potent suppression of NADPH oxidase activity (Fig. 2B). Different from the down-regulation of NADPH oxidase subunit by HO-1 induction in macrophages [24], the protein levels of the NADPH oxidase subunits in vascular en

• It was speculated that could

  2022-04-13

  

  It was speculated that could affect the protein translation or processing in the HCV replication cycle. The viral protein processing was thus investigated, to establish whether the HCV inhibition was determining an increased amount of unprocessed polyprotein, due to a block in the processing, or a r

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