• Introduction Determining how genes function together as biol

  2019-08-17

  

  Introduction Determining how genes function together as biological systems is a defining challenge of the genomic era. While genome sequences reveal the DNA blueprint of organisms, deciphering how this blueprint leads to biological function is challenging due in large part to the complexity of prot

• GLP signaling mediates important renal functions as suggeste

  2019-08-17

  

  GLP-1 signaling mediates important renal functions [101], as suggested by the expression of both DPP-4 and GLP-1R in the kidney of several species, including humans [102]. However, controversial data exists on the specific expression pattern of these proteins, based on the specificity and sensitivit

• In most cases patients will

  2019-08-17

  

  In most cases, patients will not present immediately after SM exposure because SM-induced clinical symptoms typically occur after a latency period of several hours [8], [9], [10]. When they do present, the detection of free, unbound alkylating agent is highly unlikely. For this reason, available rap

• Electron transport via DHODH activity

  2019-08-17

  

  Electron transport via DHODH activity will allow the generation of mitochondrial ROS without the consumption of α-ketoglutarate or NADH. Glutamine-dependent flux through the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation can also enable generation of mitochondrial ROS (Weinberg et al., 2010). The latter pr

• Some of the psychoactive actions of nicotine are

  2019-08-17

  

  Some of the psychoactive actions of nicotine are mediated by the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic pathways (Di Chiara, 2000, Di Chiara et al., 2004). The nigrostriatal pathway originates in the dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra and terminates in the putamen and nucleus caudatus which

• equol Following Duncan as a ritualized site Tyne

  2019-08-16

  

  Following Duncan (1995), as a ritualized site Tyne Cot provides an opportunity for individual tourists to conduct their own acts of remembrance (Edensor, 2000, Iles, 2006). The analysis has also shown that individual acts of writing particular words and phrases in the visitor books are socially shar

• ppar pathway The phenolic hydroxyl group of ezetimibe

  2019-08-16

  

  The phenolic hydroxyl group of ezetimibe tolerated various structural modifications (disaccharide, carboxyalkyl and glucuronide) that retained inhibitory activity.13, 14, 15 We conjugated glycylglycine to phenolic hydroxyl group and synthesized ten 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione derivatives 14a-j successfully

• Several studies have shown that independently of body

  2019-08-16

  

  Several studies have shown that, independently of body-weight control, the central actions of leptin improve glycemic control in obese diabetic rat and mouse models [62]. For instance, restoration of OB-Rb expression in OB-Rb-deficient mice, and in particular in POMC neurons, was sufficient to norma

• RG7112 Initial investigations in the heart uncovered

  2019-08-16

  

  Initial investigations in the heart uncovered Epac as a positive regulator of myocyte hypertrophy [8], [9]. Concomitantly, Epac has been shown to regulate cardiac Ca homeostasis [8], [10], [11], [12], [13]. Ca is an essential second messenger in the cardiac physiology because its rhythmic variations

• Although the mechanisms underlying the EP mediated increase

  2019-08-16

  

  Although the mechanisms underlying the EP4-mediated increase in the frequency of mEPSCs via PGE2 remain unclear, mechanisms similar to those driven by EP2 may be involved because activation of both these receptor subtypes increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP (Nishigaki et al., 1995, Sug

• br Introduction Prostaglandin E PGE signals through separate

  2019-08-16

  

  Introduction Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signals through 4 separate G-protein coupled receptor sub-types (EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4) to elicit a variety of physiological and pathophysiologic effects. EP2 and EP4 increase cAMP levels in the cell via adenylate cyclase activation, whereas EP3 inhibits cAMP

• Dual inhibition of ACE and NEP

  2019-08-16

  

  Dual inhibition of ACE and NEP as a strategy for treating hypertension has been extensively investigated, including contributions from these laboratories through the discovery of Sampatrilat . Given that both targets are related zinc metalloproteinases, dual enzyme inhibition can be achieved within

• br Acknowledgements E B was supported by grant mol a

  2019-08-16

  

  Acknowledgements E.B. was supported by grant 16-34-60213 mol_a_dk from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR). R.S. and A.V. were supported by grant of the President of Russian FederationMK-4253.2018.4. The work was performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Gr

• Among the Ub interactions observed

  2019-08-16

  

  Among the ~Ub interactions observed in the HOIP structure is one that involves a RING2 domain (from the non-cognate HOIP) [47]. A similar binding interaction was defined between HHARI RING2 and the hydrophobic patch on Ub by NMR [54]. HHARI RING2 mutations that ablate the interaction inhibit formati

• CellProfiler and OpenComet are two open source

  2019-08-16

  

  CellProfiler and OpenComet are two open source software available in internet to analyse silver stained comet assay images. With CellProfiler [19], Gonzalez et al. [18] modified the pipeline provided in the website by adding a background subtraction module and two filtering modules to quantify DNA d

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