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There are several strengths and
2025-01-17
There are several strengths and weaknesses of the current investigation which merit consideration. Obviously, the current findings are important and less prone to bias than findings from traditional observational epidemiological studies, because causal investigations with the use of genetic variants
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br Conflict of interest br Financial Support The work
2025-01-17
Conflict of interest Financial Support The work is supported by research grants from Clinical Key Specialty Project of China and Clinical Medical Center of Suzhou, China (Szzx201502) and Jiangsu Province Special Program of Medical Science, China (BE2016672). Introduction Recently, function
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In glaucoma the primary retinal defect appears in the GCL
2025-01-17
In glaucoma, the primary retinal defect appears in the GCL, whereas the other retinal layers appear normal (Kendell et al., 1995). In the current work, chronic elevation of IOP induced RGC apoptosis, especially in the GCL, and α2 adrenergic treatment reduced RGC apoptosis. Various studies have repor
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br Acknowledgements The authors would
2025-01-17
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr. Bradford B. Lowell for providing us with β-less and WT breeding pairs. Funding sources: This work was supported by NIH Grant DK028082 (to E.M.F) and by an Institutional Research Training Grant NRSA 5T32DK751627 (to N.D.). Introduction The e
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Mass spectrometry MS analysis and selective enrichment metho
2025-01-17
Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and selective enrichment methods of phosphorylated proteins are powerful tools that can help address these challenges. Recent advances in MS have made it possible to analyze signaling pathways by facilitating high-throughput identification of phosphorylation sites wit
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br Hyperadiponectinemia in disease conditions Other
2025-01-17
Hyperadiponectinemia in disease conditions Other evidence indicates that hyperadiponectinemia does not necessarily always imply a healthy outcome. Indeed, a recent study suggested that hyperadiponectinemia occurs in various diseases. Given that the risk for AD and vascular dementia is increased i
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Adiponectin also works on AdipoR inducing extracellular Ca
2025-01-17
Adiponectin also works on AdipoR1, inducing extracellular Ca2+ influx necessary for activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK)β, AMPK (Fig. 1). This step is then followed by activation of SirT1 and increased expression and decreased acetylation of PPARγ coactivator (PGC)-1
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In summary the role of HT and differe
2025-01-17
In summary, the role of 5-HT and different types of 5-HTRs in gating plasticity induction in neocortical circuits remains unclear, with variable and seemingly contradictory effects reported for LTP induction in cortical sensory fields (e.g., V1, enhanced LTP: Inaba et al., 2009, Kojic et al., 1997,
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Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic
2025-01-17
Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic substance released from most cells, including neurons and glias. Endogenous adenosine acts at four principal G-protein-associated receptor subtypes: A1, A2a, A2b and A3 (Ralevic and Burnstock, 1998). The stimulation of adenosine receptors by extracellular adenos
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The enzyme mediated ATP sensing mechanism
2025-01-17
The enzyme-mediated ATP-sensing mechanism in zebrafish can be compared with previous studies in other animal species reporting that enzymatic conversion of chemicals in the peripheral olfactory organ results in either “activation” or “inactivation” of odorants and pheromones. In male silkmoth, the a
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In another study authors found that ADORA
2025-01-17
In another study, authors found that ADORA1 were present on the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion Steroidal saponin (ipRGCs), and application of adenosine to rat retinas reduced light-evoked spiking of ipRGCs through suppression of a cAMP-mediated pathway (Sodhi and Hartwick, 2014). The
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Salivary amylase activity was not
2025-01-17
Salivary α-amylase activity was not significantly different between bitches with pyometra and healthy bitches, and there were no significant changes after ovariohysterectomy, similar to chromogranin A (Jitpean et al., 2015). Therefore, it is postulated that the SAM axis is not activated in bitches w
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Methylated folate In the previous study we demonstrated the
2025-01-17
In the previous study, we demonstrated the importance of the mPFC postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor in the sustained antidepressant effects, because a sustained antidepressant effect was obtained with intra-mPFC injection, but not systemic injection of 8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist (Fukumoto et al
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The most potent compounds within the current series
2025-01-17
The most potent compounds within the current series of compounds were therefore , , , , and , with CC-223 possessing the best selectivity towards the lyase reaction in comparison to the hydroxylase reaction, indeed, this compound was found to possess an IC value of 1210nM against the 17α-OHase compo
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br Clinical realities br Commentary on uses of
2025-01-17
Clinical realities Commentary on uses of selective 17,20 lyase inhibitors If continued monitoring of these same parameters along with tracking of circulating ACTH in human trials confirms these new drugs are the long sought after 17,20 lyase inhibitors, then we may for the first time be able t